Every day, general practitioners and endodontists around the world open countless root-canal systems. The first instrument that physically enters the canal is almost always an endodontic file, yet its metallurgy, design logic and clinical protocol remain a source of confusion even for experienced de
The mechanical glide path to a successful root-canal treatment begins long before the first rubber-dam frame is snapped into place; it begins at the procurement desk where the clinician decides which endodontic file will become the daily workhorse of the practice. Over the last two decades the marke
Root canal therapy remains one of the most technically demanding procedures in dentistry, and the mechanical debridement of complex root-canal systems hinges on the quality of the endodontic file. Over the past two decades, nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary systems have largely replaced stainless-steel
The dental operatory has changed dramatically over the last century, yet one constant remains: the need to cut tooth structure quickly, precisely and comfortably. From the foot-powered treadle drills of the 1890s to the belt-driven “electric engines” of the 1950s, clinicians have always chased the s